Politician · policy

Emmanuel Macron on Immigration Policy

Balanced control advocate (strong) Position evolved

Emmanuel Macron's approach to immigration policy has been characterized by an attempt to balance stricter controls with an acknowledgment of immigration's benefits, a stance that has seen him pivot towards tougher measures over time.

In his second term, Macron made a centerpiece of his agenda the passage of a new immigration bill aimed at enabling more effective deportations and speeding up asylum procedures, while also facilitating the legalization of undocumented workers in sectors facing labor shortages to boost the economy.

Despite presenting his initial draft as 'balanced,' the legislative process forced significant hardening of the law, ultimately securing passage with the support of the conservative LR and far-right RN parties, a development that caused internal government protest and was claimed as an 'ideological victory' by Marine Le Pen. Macron acknowledged he did not agree with all elements of the final law but deemed the compromise necessary for political life.

Earlier in his presidency, Macron also addressed refugee camps, stating in 2018 that he would not allow another one to form in Paris, while also planning to speed up asylum applications and deportations alongside providing better housing for refugees. His administration has consistently sought tighter European cooperation on migration management.

Timeline

  1. Macron stated he would not allow another refugee camp like the Calais Jungle to form in Paris and announced plans to speed up asylum and deportation processes.
  2. Macron intensified rhetoric, stating France 'cannot host everyone if it wants to host people well,' signaling a tougher line to prevent voters moving to the far-right.
  3. The government presented its 'Controlling immigration while improving integration' bill, aiming for deportations of criminals and regularization for labor shortages.
  4. The bill passed in a hardened form, with amendments on residency and citizenship gaining far-right approval, leading to internal dissent within Macron's coalition.
  5. Macron stated immigration is 'not necessarily a bad thing' and that African immigration is 'not totally' bad, in a divergence from his hardline interior minister.

Actions Taken

  1. Legislation signed
    Signed the Law to Control Immigration and Improve Integration into law, which aimed to strengthen deportation capabilities and streamline asylum processes, although parts were later repealed by the Constitutional Council.
  2. Legislation proposed
    Government introduced an immigration and asylum bill in February, which included proposals to expedite deportations for criminals and those deemed a threat to public order, and to regularize undocumented workers in labor-shortage sectors.
  3. Legislation passed
    The final, drastically hardened version of the immigration bill was passed by Parliament in December following a political compromise with conservative and far-right support.
  4. Policy statement
    Announced plans to speed up asylum applications and deportations while giving refugees better housing, speaking specifically regarding the situation at the Calais Jungle.
  5. Policy announcement
    Introduced new immigration rules in November aimed at restricting the number of refugees reaching France and asserting a 'take back control' of immigration policy.

Key Quotes

France "must significantly reduce immigration, starting with illegal immigration" because the "current situation is not sustainable".

Interview with Le Point August 1, 2023 — Stating the need to reduce overall immigration levels.

France “cannot host everyone if it wants to host people well.”

Europe 1 interview at UNGA September 25, 2019 — Explaining the need for tighter European cooperation on migration.

Is immigration bad? The answer is no. It depends.

France Inter broadcast October 5, 2024 — Defending the value of immigration against hardline ministers.

Political life consists of crises, of agreements and of disagreements.

Statement after bill vote December 20, 2023 — Justifying the compromises made to pass the immigration bill.

Criticism

Left-wing critics/Ministers

Accused the government of adopting an extreme right-wing position, particularly regarding the introduction of 'national preference' elements in the 2023 bill by restricting social benefits for foreigners.

**Marine Le Pen** (RN)

Accused Macron of doing too little too late regarding stricter immigration control ahead of local elections, noting a large number of legal arrivals the previous year.

Human rights charities and trade unionists

Accused Macron of betraying his electoral supporters by pursuing a bill that was the 'most regressive bill of the past 40 years for the rights and living conditions of foreigners.'

**Aurélien Rousseau** (Health Minister)

Offered his resignation in protest over the hardline measures in the final version of the 2023 immigration bill.